美国商务部下令向华虹禁运芯片设备，覆盖应材、Lam、KLA 三巨头，特朗普 5 月访华前出招
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美国商务部上周向多家芯片设备公司发出"is-informed"告知函，要求停止向中国第二大芯片制造商华虹及其代工子公司华力微电子的特定设施供应工具与相关材料；据知情人士透露，应用材料（Applied Materials）、Lam Research 与 KLA 三家在华业务规模可观的美国设备巨头均在收信范围内。"is-informed"机制允许商务部绕过冗长的规则制定流程，对特定企业快速施加新许可证要求。消息发布当日，Lam Research 股价收跌 3.1%，KLA 跌 4.7%，应材跌 5.8%。三家公司均未立即回应；华虹与商务部亦未回应置评请求。
事件直接背景是路透社今年 3 月独家披露的内容：华虹集团已研发出可用于生产 AI 芯片的先进制造技术，旗下华力微电子在上海工厂正准备 7 纳米工艺产线——此前国内仅中芯国际（SMIC）具备 7nm 量产能力。本次禁运目标即针对美方判断"将生产中国最先进芯片"的两座华虹设施。商务部 2022 年曾以同类"is-informed"信函限制英伟达、AMD 向中国出口顶级 AI 芯片，并限制三家设备厂供货中国先进工厂——本次为该政策路径的延续。一名消息人士警告，受禁运冲击的设备厂"尤其是供应在建或正升级转产的工厂"可能因此损失数十亿美元营收。该禁令时点尤为敏感：特朗普原定 5 月在北京与习近平会晤，本次出招料将增加会前两国紧张程度。
Reuters | Yahoo Finance | Japan Times | Quartz
Exclusive-US orders chip equipment companies to halt some shipments to China's No. 2 chipmaker Hua Hong
The U.S. Department of Commerce last week ordered multiple chip equipment companies to halt certain tool shipments to China's second-largest chipmaker, Hua Hong, its latest action to slow the country's development of advanced chips, according to two people familiar with the matter. The department sent letters to at least a handful of companies informing them of the new restrictions on tools and other materials destined for two Hua Hong facilities that U.S. officials believe may make China's most sophisticated chips, the people said. Top U.S. chip equipment companies Lam Research, Applied Materials and KLA, each of which has significant business supplying China, were among those believed to have received a letter, the sources added.
Yahoo Finance (finance.yahoo.com)
U.S. orders chip equipment companies to halt some shipments to China's Hua Hong
The move is the latest U.S. action to slow China's development of advanced chips, two people familiar with the matter said.
The Japan Times (www.japantimes.co.jp)
